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Kadambam |
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LEARN TELUGU |
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SOME
TYPICAL FEATURES OF TELUGU LANGUAGE Telugu stands next to Hindi (India’s official language) in the number of its mother-tongue speakers in India as well as the world over. If you look at learning Telugu from an English
speaking learner’s point of view, there are two basic practical difficulties which may initially discourage him. The
first is the mastering of the grammatical structure, which may sound baffling and strange, for those with a mother-tongue
other than a Dravidian language. Telugu has no relative pronouns, their part being played by verbal adjectives for one thing, and for another part, English and Telugu differ widely in their sentence construction. While the main clause of an English sentence containing the main verb tends to come first, followed by subordinate clauses, in Telugu, it is just the other way round, with the subordinate clauses preceding the main verb occurring at the very end of the sentence. A motivated learner can easily overcome these difficulties. The
second difficulty is the need to acquire a large vocabulary. A note worthy feature of Telugu, which it shares with English,
is the great size of its vocabulary. This can partly be ascribed to the ease with which Telugu accepts and assimilates words
derived from Sanskrit. Just as English, a Germanic language has a high proportion of words that are of Latin or Greek origin,
so Telugu, a Dravidian language, abounds in words derived from Sanskrit roots. This is one cause for the richness of Telugu
vocabulary. Telugu, is, in fact, an extremely versatile and flexible language, as for instance in its reflexive verbs in - konu meaning ‘to do something for oneself’. This along with a verb facilitates expression of subtle shades of meaning very neatly and can also impart subtle degrees of emphasis by varying the order of words in a sentence. (Some excerpts from Gwynn, J P L, (1991) "A Telugu-English
Dictionary": Oxford University Press, New Delhi.) |
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Tips for Telugu Learning (Source:Telugu Akademi) There
are two types of sentences in Telugu. 1.Verb less
2.With Verb adi pustakam
That is a book adi kaagitam That is a paper
adi balla That is table adi gadi That is a room adi kalam
That is a pen In Telugu two noun forms make a sentence if they are explanatory of one another. Adi(pronoun)
pustakam(noun) =s1
S1 N1
N1 S1--- N1+N2 N1--pronoun(Noun) III person Singular neuter N2--Noun III person singular neuter Adi (that) can be replaced by idi (this) when we refer to an object nearer Idi pustakam This is a book Idi kaagitam
This is a paper Idi balla
This is a table Idi gadi This
is a room Idi kalam
This is a pen These sentences can also be changed into plurals by changing the singular pronoun into
plural Adi---avi Idi---ivi Idi pustakam ivi pustakaalu Adi kaagitam
avi kaagitaalu Into the pronouns : In Telugu ,noun forms are divided into three persons. First person,second person and third person. All persons are divided into singulars and plurals Singular plural Neenu meemu Niivu
miiru Miiru(profile form) Inclusive form manam* is used in form ways. 1.I pers Sing + II pers Sing 2.I.pers Sing + II per Plur 3.I.pers plu + II per Sing 4.I per Plu + II per plu. Singular: III person singular is distinguished in three ways Masculine, feminine and neuter Masculine : 1.waadu Non-polite 2.atanu equial status 3.aayana polite 4.waaru more polite Feminine : 1.adi non-polite 2.aame equal status 3.aaviDa polite 4.waaru more polite Neuter: 1.adi III person plural 2 way distingue Human waaLLU Non-Human avi · plural forms are always polite In Telugu, we can form 16 basic verb less
sentences using all the pronouns depending on the context. 1.neenu ramaravunu 2.neenu profesarunu 3.neenu sushiilanu 4.neenu naTini for those noun ending ini ,ni(personal suffix) is added. For those noun forms ending in other than i add nu (personal suffix) .Similarly in Telugu when we use I & II person in sentences ,the following pronominal suffixes are added. 1. Neenu-ni/nu Meem-am Niivu-vi/vu Miiru - Manam am 2. meem vidyarthulam meem Udyogulam meem manuSulam meem puruSulam meem striilam vidyarthulu + am =vidyarthulam (pl) (personal suffix) 3. niivu ramaraavuvu niivu profesaruvu niivu vidyarthivi niivu sushiilavu ramaraavu + vu =ramaraavuvu 4. miiru DocTaru gaaru miiru DayrecTaru gaaru miiru udyoogulu miiru manSulu miiru Tiicarlu miiru vidyarthulu miiru gaayakulu 5. manam manuSulam we
are humans manam bhaaratiiyulam we are Indians manam teluguvaaLLam we are Telugus manam vidyarthulam we are students 6. WaaDu ramaravu
He is Ramarao WaaDu kruSnaraavu
He is krushnarao WaaDu udyogi He
is an employee WaaDu vidyarthi
He is a student 7. atanu ramaraavu He is Ramarao atanu gopalraavu He is Gopalrao atanu kaarmikuDu He is a worker atanu shraamikuDu 8. aayana ramaraavugaaru aayana profesarugaaru aayana Doctarugaaru aayana mantrigaaru 9. waaru mukhyamantrigaaru waaru pradhanamantrigaaru waaru doctorgaaru waaru kalektarugaaru 10. adi sushiila adi ammayi adi paapa adi raadha 11. aame sushiila aame narsu aame udyogini aame Doctaru 12. aaviDa suSiilagaaru aaviDa Daaktarugaaru aaviDa DayrekTaraugaaru aaviDa kalekTarugaaru 13 waaru suSiilagaaru waaru Daaktarugaaru waaru DayrekTaraugaaru waaru kalekTarugaaru 14. adi pustakam adi kaagitam adi balla adi gadi 15. waaLLu vidyaarthulu waaLLu udyogulu waaLLu manuSulu waaLLu laarmikulu 16. avi pustakaalu avi kaagitaalu avi ballalu avi gadulu
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